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Home SULAWESI
SULAWESI
MOUNT KARANGETANG / SIAU ISLAND PDF Print E-mail

Karangetang (or Api Siau) volcano lies at the northern end of the island of Siau, north of Sulawesi.  The 1784-m-high stratovolcano contains five summit craters along a N-S line.  Karangetang is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, with more than 40 eruptions recorded since 1675 and many additional small eruptions that were not documented.

Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosive activity sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars.  Lava dome growth has occurred in the summit craters; collapse of lava flow fronts has also produced pyroclastic flows.
5 eruptions in the 20th century (1940, 1972, 1976, 1983 and 1991) caused fatalities.

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UNA UNA ISLAND PDF Print E-mail

Colo volcano forms the isolated small island of Una-Una in the middle of the Gulf of Tomini in northern Sulawesi. The broad, low volcano, whose summit is only 507 m above sea level, contains a 2-km-wide caldera with a small central cone. Only three eruptions have been recorded in historical time, but two of those caused widespread damage over much of the island. The last eruption, in 1983, produced pyroclastic flows that swept over most of the island shortly after all residents had been evacuated.

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MOUNT TANGKOKO NATIONAL PARK PDF Print E-mail

The NE-most volcano on the island of Sulawesi, Tongkoko (also known as Tangkoko) has a summit that is elongated in a NW-SE direction with a large deep crater that in 1801 contained a cone surrounded by lake water. The slightly higher Dua Saudara stratovolcano is located only 3 km to the SW of Tongkoko, and along with Tongkoko, forms the most prominent features of Gunung Dua Saudara National Park, a noted wildlife preserve. Eruptions occurred from the summit crater of Tongkoko in the 17th century and in 1801. The prominent, flat-topped lava dome Batu Angus formed on the east flank of Tongkoko in 1801, and, along with an adjacent east flank vent, has been the source of all subsequent eruptions.

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MOUNT SOPUTAN PDF Print E-mail

The small Soputan stratovolcano on the southern rim of the Quaternary Tondano caldera on the northern arm of Sulawesi Island is one of Sulawesi's most active volcanoes.  The youthful, largely unvegetated volcano rises to 1784 m and is located SW of Sempu volcano.  It was constructed at the southern end of a SSW-NNE trending line of vents.  During historical time the locus of eruptions has included both the summit crater and Aeseput, a prominent NE-flank vent that formed in 1906 and was the source of intermittent major lava flows until 1924.

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MOUNT LOKON PDF Print E-mail

The twin volcanoes Lokon and Empung, rising about 800 m above the plain of Tondano, are among the most active volcanoes of Sulawesi. 

Lokon, the higher of the two peaks (whose summits are only 2.2 km apart), has a flat, craterless top.  The younger Empung volcano has a 400-m-wide, 150-m-deep crater that erupted last in the 18th century, but all subsequent eruptions have originated from Tompaluan, a 150 x 250 m wide double crater situated in the saddle between the two peaks. 

Historical eruptions have primarily produced small-to-moderate ash plumes that have occasionally damaged croplands and houses, but lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows have also occurred.

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